Background: Decellularised tissues matrix is considered as an ultimate scaffolding system for two reasons: firstly it has mechanical and structural similarity with natural tissue, secondly extra cellular matrix proteins remain intact after decellularization, which are important for cell differentiation. The aim of this study is investigation behavior rat adherent bone marrow cells cultured in decellularised matrix of human skin.Materials and Methods: In this study, human skin tissues were decellularised by three methods: physical (slow freezing and snap freeze–thaw), enzymatic (trypsin 0.25%, 18 hours) and chemical (sodium dodecyl sulfate- SDS 1%, 12 hours). After washing and sterilization procedures, scaffolds cultivated with 4´105 rat adherent bone marrow cells. Finally, histological studies were performed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of culture and investigated with different staining.Results: Histological study of decellularised scaffolds revealed that nuclear and cellular components of the tissues were completely removed and collagen fibers remained intact. At 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of culture, in vitro analysis showed adhesion and also proliferation of rat adherent bone marrow cells. Also, we did not observe any penetration and migration of the cells into scaffolds. Statistical analysis indicated significant difference in percentage of cell density in specimens cultured after 2 weeks versus the other specimens (P<0.001).Conclusion: the overall results showed that remnant ECM (Extracellular Matrix) of human skin can be a suitable scaffold for studying Rat Adherent Bone Marrow Cells behavior.

Since natural hazards cause severe social, economic, cultural, physical, and functional disruptions in cities, promoting urban resilience not only helps maintain the initial performance of cities, but also leads to their improvement and prosperity after the occurrence of hazards. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting urban resilience. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, interpretive and analytical in nature, and qualitative and quantitative in terms of method. Grand Theory, Delphi, and finally Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) models were used to analyze the data. The statistical population in the present study includes experts and elites in the field of urban planning in general and urban management in particular. Purposive sampling was used to collect data, and finally (30) people were selected as a sample. In the present study, categories including economic, social, cultural, and physical were identified as effective factors in urban resilience. Then, using the Delphi method in two stages of the survey; the experts' agreement was announced regarding the factors raised. The results of the self-interaction matrix showed that the economic factor has an effect on other factors. The physical factor, which is the most important factor in urban resilience, is affected by other factors and does not have an effect on another factor by itself.

The focus of this study is on the Iranian stock market financial market. In fact, the aim of this study is to investigate market modeling using entropy transfer matrix. Investing in the capital market and buying stocks of companies that have a lot of entropy is associated with a lot of risk, and due to the high risk and the possibility of bankruptcy, the principal and profit of capital may be lost. We received data on trading volume, disclosure quality, monthly index, corporate governance, and 12-month profit quality for 27 companies from the Iranian stock market and OPEC's monthly oil price, monthly inflation rate, ozone rate, and the price of an ounce of gold between 2009 and 2017. The special importance of the capital market in the development of the economy is through the efficient management of capital and the optimal allocation of undeniable resources. Investing in the capital market requires a decision that requires information about the future state of the stock market price. After a series of drastic changes that have taken place in a row, the trend of data changes is moving towards negative. In other words, in a continuous cycle, the higher the degree of change, the closer the probability of approaching a state of stillness.

Background and Aim: Ideal scaffold for tissue engineering must be a mimic of extracellular matrices that facilitates proliferation and differentiation of the cells. Biological scaffolds are prepared from decellularization of human or animal tissues. Extracellular matrix of natural tissues can be used as a scaffold for regenerative applications, even xenogenically. In this study, for the first time complete human skin tissue (dermis plus epidermis) was decellularized. This matrix can be used in the clinics for the treatment of severe burns. Unseparated epidermis from the dermis may cause the skin to maintain higher levele of moisture until complete healing.Material and Methods: Human skin tissues were decellularized by combination of three methods: physical (slow freezing and snap freeze–thaw), enzymatic (trypsin 0.25% for 18 hours) and chemical (sodium dodecyl sulfate- SDS 1% for 12 hours). Then, the prepared decellularized 3D matricies with 5×105 of cells were cultured. Finally, histological studies were performed after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of culture by different stains.Results: Histological studies confirmed cell elimination and also preservation of collagen fibers in the human skin matrix. In vitro analysis of cellular behaviors showed adhesion and proliferation of L929 fibroblast cell line in the culture in different weeks. Statistical analysis indicated significant induction of cell densities at the end of the 2nd week (p<0.001) compared to the other weeks of our study. The number of cells reduced after the 3rd week.Conclusion: The results indicated that remnants of ECM of the human skin can be a suitable matrix for adherence, proliferation and differentiation of L929 cells. On the other hand, because of high density of collagen fibers and low porosity of prepared scaffolds, we found no penetration and migration into the dermis.

The aim of the present study was the histological evaluation of Enamel Matrix Derivative (EMD) effectiveness for regeneration of periodontal defects. EMD activates cementum synthesis, PDL and bone during the maturation stage of follicole. In this research, EMD was used in surgical defects of premolar teeth in four adult sheep. Muccoperiosteal flap was reflected in buccal site of teeth. The buccal bone plate was removed from mesial to distal in 4 mm depth. After eliminating the cementum by bur and its etching, EMD was applied on exposed dentine and flap was sutured. In opposite sites of those teeth (control sites) the same process was performed without etching. After 100 days, sheep were sacrificed and histological study through light microscopic was performed on black sections of operation sites. The results showed that in test sites, regeneration of cementum and bone was 62/5% and 42/5-50% respectively. But in control sites regeneration of cementum and bone was 37.5% and 32/5-42/5% respectively. Also the migration of junctional epithelium in control sites was 8-10% more than test sites. The important point is that in test sites, cementum was completely attached to undermining dentine. But, in control sites, the gap between cementum and dentine was visible. As a result, this study suggests that EMD promotes periodontal regeneration, and EMD application is a successful achievement in regenerative periodontal therapy.

To assesse the iron and silicon effects on the yield and physiological characteristics of green pea, Wando cultivar by ASGrow Corporation was used in three levels of iron chelate (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 gr per l-1) and silicon (0, 14 and 28 mg per l-1), as a factorial experimental in completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, characterisics such as fresh and dry weight of grain, the number of grain per pod, concentration of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Si in leaf and grain were measured. Results showed that the interaction of Fe and Si was significant at p<0.01 on grain fresh and dry wigeht, concentratin of leaf and grain Fe, leaf Mn, leaf and grain Zn and leaf Si and the application of Fe and Si was significant separately, on other traits such as number of grain per pod, concentration of leaf and grain Cu, Mn and Si in grain.  The Mean squares showed that the application of Fe and Si significantly increased fresh and dry grain weight and Si laef concetration and decreased the concentratin of leaf and grain Fe and Mn as well as grain Mn.  The enhancement of Fe and Si application separately decreased the concentration of Mn, Cu and zinc leaf and grains, but the Si concentration of leaf and grain were increased by Si application. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were decreased in leaf and grain because of antagonistic effects. It can be concluded that Si reduces the harmfull effects of high levels of iron toxicity and the application of 0.1 g/l and 25 mg/l can be recommended as the best treatments.